考虑到印度的规模和多样性，分析该国劳动力市场具有固有的挑战。印度经历了集中的就业增长，而不是“失业增长”，主要是在城市地区和男性。与此同时，女性劳动力参与率下降，这成为一个主要难题。随着正规部门的非正式化程度不断提高，非正式性仍然是一个显著特征。一些结果部分反映了印度经济发展的总体水平。与此同时，其他国家，包括本区域国家的结构改革导致更多地吸收工人，特别是妇女进入制造业。展望未来的工作，目前的情况很可能在不久的将来占上风。这意味着工人将继续离开农业，到城市地区就业。但制造业吸引工人的能力将受到生产的资本和技能密集度的限制。将创造更多的带薪就业岗位，但挑战在于确保这些工人能够获得社会保障和其他福利。 As women become better educated, their participation in the labour force is likely to increase but many constraints keep them out of paid employment. Rather than focusing singularly on the threat of automation to job creation, policymakers need to address the distributional effects of technological change, particularly in terms of its skill-bias. An important goal is to improve access to technology, which would enhance productivity and working conditions.