2016年7月

IZA DP No. 10100:解构非正式:对脆弱性的回应还是最佳选择?

近几十年来,中国非正规就业的快速增长引起了人们的关注,但要理解其含义,必须解构非正规的概念。我们将就业状况重新划分为三类:有长期合同的受薪工人;自主创业;以及没有长期合同的临时工(在正式或非正式部门工作)。自雇者的月收入(47%)比临时工高得多。自主创业并不一定是一种不幸,它提供的灵活性对某些类型的工人来说可能是最佳的。例如,个体经营者更有可能是残疾人,并且有年轻的家庭。从制度上讲,对于临时工和大多数进城务工人员来说,创业仍然很困难。尽管大量的城乡流动人口是有长期合同的雇员,但他们的农村户口意味着他们缺乏城市居民的社会保障。拥有农村户口的劳动力更有可能进入非正规部门,而且在非正规部门中,他们最有可能从事临时工工作。 Policies to support small businesses may be warranted given the detrimental impacts of informality on casual workers. Experimental interventions could be tried along the lines of those used in Peru to provide funds to support entrepreneurial activities by this group to lift themselves out of a poverty trap into more sustainable employment. Skill training, encouragement for innovation, tax credits and reducing institutional constraints on starting up small business should be all considered.